411 Gravel Calculator
A 12 ft by 24 ft pad at 4 inches finished, plus 10 percent loose stone, is 3.91 cubic yards and 5.60 short tons at 1,700 kg/m³.
Last updated . 1,700 kg/m³ is this site’s crusher-run and limestone family, not a density from TDOT’s gradation table. One yard is 1.43 short tons, 2865.44 lb, and 1.30 tonnes. The 10 percent is the same loose-order note the 304 page describes, shown here in the result.
304 stays on the 304 calculator at 1,920 kg/m³. Crusher run stays on the crusher run calculator.
411 base
Order volume = finished volume × (1 + allowance). The weight is the loose material you buy.
Planning default: 1,700 kg/m³. TDOT Grading D is a sieve spec, not this number. 304 on this site stays at 1,920.
Volume and weight
Finished cubic yards
0.00
Order cubic yards
0.00
Order short tons
0.00
Order tonnes
0.00
What 411 is
Yards in Tennessee sell 411 as the dense base under driveways, pads, and roads. TDOT’s January 1, 2021 Standard Specifications put mineral aggregate base in Section 303. Type A grading is Grading D in 903.05. The readable sieve table is 903.05-2. It tops out at 1-1/2 inch and still has material passing the No. 100 sieve, which is why it packs. Clean #57 does not.
| Sieve | Grading D, percent passing |
|---|---|
| 1-1/2 in | 100 |
| 1 in | 85–100 |
| 3/4 in | 60–95 |
| 3/8 in | 50–80 |
| No. 4 | 40–65 |
| No. 16 | 20–40 (20–43 if gravel or chert with clay) |
| No. 100 | 9–18 (7–18 if clay) |
Weight, and the 10 percent
One yard at 1,700 kg/m³ is 1.43 short tons and 1.30 tonnes. The finished 12 by 24 foot by 4 inch layer is 3.56 cubic yards and would be 5.09 short tons with no allowance. Ordering 10 percent more loose stone makes 3.91 cubic yards and 5.60 short tons. The 304 page tells you to add about 10 percent and then leaves it out of the widget. This widget includes it, labeled as that planning note, not as a TDOT factor.
Coverage
One cubic yard covers 81 square feet at 4 inches. The pad is 12 × 24 = 288 square feet, and 288 ÷ 81 = 3.56 cubic yards finished. The order at 10 percent is 3.91 cubic yards. That geometry is not the 304 worked example.
Worked example
Leave length at 12 ft, width at 24 ft, depth at 4 in, density at 1700, and the menu on compacted base. Finished cubic yards read 3.56. Order cubic yards read 3.91. Order short tons read 5.60. Order tonnes read 5.08. The formula line shows 96.00 ft³, 2.72 m³ finished, allowance 10.00 percent, order 2.99 m³. Switch to finished depth only and the order reads 3.56 cubic yards, 5.09 short tons, and 4.62 tonnes.
Frequently asked questions
What is 411 gravel?
411 is a local name for a dense-graded aggregate base, the same kind of job as 304 or crusher run, with a different spec and a different weight on this site. In Tennessee, mineral aggregate base is TDOT 2021 Standard Specifications Section 303. Type A base uses Grading D from Section 903.05. Table 903.05-2 is a gradation, not a density. This calculator does not copy 304’s 1,920 kg/m³ start.
What size is 411?
TDOT Table 903.05-2 Grading D: 100 percent passing 1-1/2 inch, 85–100 percent passing 1 inch, 60–95 percent passing 3/4 inch, 50–80 percent passing 3/8 inch, 40–65 percent passing the No. 4 sieve, 20–40 percent passing the No. 16 (20–43 if the aggregate is gravel or chert with clay), and 9–18 percent passing the No. 100 (7–18 if clay). It is rock, chips, and fines together. It is not a single 3/4 inch clean stone.
How much does a yard of 411 weigh?
The start is 1,700 kg/m³, the same planning family as crusher run and limestone on this site. One cubic yard is 1.43 short tons, 2865.44 lb, and 1.30 tonnes. One short ton is 0.70 cubic yards. TDOT’s table does not publish that density. 304 stays at 1,920 kg/m³, which is 1.62 short tons per yard, because that page says the weights are not identical.
How much 411 for a 12 by 24 foot pad at 4 inches?
The finished layer is 3.56 cubic yards, 96.00 cubic feet, and 2.72 cubic meters. The 10 percent allowance makes the order 3.91 cubic yards and 2.99 cubic meters. At 1,700 kg/m³ that order is 5.60 short tons and 5.08 tonnes. Switch the menu to finished depth only and the order drops to 3.56 cubic yards, 5.09 short tons, and 4.62 tonnes.
Why is there a 10 percent allowance?
The 304 page says to order about 10 percent extra when you buy loose stone for a finished compacted depth, and the 304 calculators do not add it. This page shows that same planning note as a visible 10 percent, so order volume = finished volume × 1.10. It is not a TDOT compaction factor and it is not a change to the density. The weight is the loose material you buy.
Is 411 the same as 304 or crusher run?
Same job, different name and different default weight. Crusher run on this site is also 1,700 kg/m³. 304 is 1,920 kg/m³ and its driveway example is a 12 by 40 foot area at 6 inches, which this page does not repeat. Use 411 when the ticket or the spec says 411 or TDOT Grading D. Use 304 when it says 304.
Does the calculator add the allowance twice?
No. Finished yards stay 3.56. Order yards are 3.91, which is 3.56 × 1.10. The ton line uses the order volume only. Changing the percent switches the menu to custom and recalculates from the number you typed.